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A Colostomy
An abdominal opening from any part of the colon or large intestine. The most common type is known as a sigmoid colostomy and the patient will have only the rectum removed or bypassed, and the stoma is usually on the lower left side of the abdomen. Output from this type of colostomy has nearly the same consistency as normal stool due to the fact that it has passed through the whole of the small intestine and most of the large intestine.
Colostomies of this sort are normally managed quite successfully which irrigation. Colostomies from the transvese or ascending colon have a less solid output.
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An Ileostomy
An opening in the abdominal wall through which the end of the small intestine or ileum is passed. This is done because the whole of the large intestine has had to be removed or bypassed. The stoma of an Ileostomy is usually on the lower right side of the abdomen. Its output has passed through all or most of the small intestine but of course none of the large intestine and so its consistency will vary from very liquid to semi-solid paste. An Ileostomy is never managed by irrigation.
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A Urostomy
An abdominal opening from the urinary tract. The stoma for a urostomy is often built from a short length of ileum and is often called the ileal conduit and may look very similar to an ileostomy but the two must not be confused as a urostomy only drains urine!.
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Other proceedures
Diversions are also made further up the small intestine and the highest is known as a Jejunostomy which leaves the patient with only a very small amount of intestine
In addition to the classical ostomies some people are able to opt for alternative forms of "continent" proceedures. It is possible to fashion an internal pouch from the patients own intestine to replace the missing bladder or rectum.
In some prceedures the patient still has an opening on the abdomen but wears only a light dressing like a band aid and inserts a catheter when needing to empty the pouch. In some cases the internal pouch is attached directly to the patients retained anus or urethra, so that the patient continues to void in a more or less normal fashion.
These sort of continent proceedures are not available for all patients, the internal pouch is an option for people with Ulcerative Colitis but not for Crohns suffers, and these proceedures are not free of problems, particually inflamation of the internal pouch.
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